Zoning ordinances are local government regulations that define how land can be used, including what types of industrial activities are allowed on a specific parcel. These ordinances help ensure safe, organized, and sustainable development by classifying land into various zones and setting conditions for use.
Below are five key subtopics that describe how zoning ordinances govern permitted industrial activities:
1. Industrial Zoning Classifications
- Parcels are categorized as Light (I-1), General (I-2), or Heavy Industrial (I-3/HI).
- Light Industrial (I-1) allows small-scale manufacturing, assembly, and tech-based units.
- Heavy Industrial (I-3/HI) permits high-impact operations such as steel plants, chemicals, and heavy fabrication.
2. Use-Based Permissions
- Zoning ordinances include “permitted,” “conditional,” or “prohibited” uses.
- Permitted uses can proceed by right (e.g., warehousing in I-1).
- Conditional uses require special permits and public hearings (e.g., hazardous waste handling).
- Prohibited uses are entirely restricted in specific zones (e.g., refineries in I-1).
3. Setbacks, Height, and Coverage Limits
- Ordinances define minimum setbacks from roads and property lines to ensure safety and access.
- Building height limits vary by zone and location, especially near airports or residential areas.
- Plot coverage or Floor Area Ratio (FAR) restricts how much of the land can be built upon.
4. Environmental and Safety Regulations
- Certain zones require buffer zones from eco-sensitive areas or water bodies.
- High-risk industries may need to comply with air, water, and noise pollution standards.
- Fire safety clearance and separation distances between hazardous units are mandated.
5. Infrastructure and Access Requirements
- Ordinances may require adequate road width, drainage, and utility access before approving development.
- Truck turning radius, parking areas, and internal circulation must follow zoning guidelines.
- In some industrial zones, on-site wastewater treatment is compulsory for operation approval.
