Rail Transit as Primary TOD Anchor
Heavy rail and metro systems provide high-capacity, fixed-route service that drives intense TOD demand
- Supports high-density residential and commercial development
- Fixed station locations attract long-term investment and infrastructure
- Ideal for regional connectivity across metropolitan areas
- Enables reliable, frequent service critical for transit-dependent populations
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Corridors
BRT systems mimic rail-like service with dedicated lanes and fixed stations, stimulating mid- to high-density TOD
- Faster and more reliable than regular buses due to signal priority and lane exclusivity
- Offers flexible implementation with lower capital cost than rail
- TOD around BRT emphasizes mixed-use and pedestrian-oriented design
- Popular in emerging urban areas and second-tier cities
Standard Bus Network Integration
Traditional bus services support localized TOD when integrated with broader transit networks
- Serves low- to moderate-density developments with multiple route options
- Frequency and reliability influence TOD feasibility around bus stops
- Works well when paired with feeder systems to major rail or BRT hubs
- Requires enhanced bus shelters, wayfinding, and last-mile connections
Multimodal Transit Hubs
TOD thrives around transit nodes that integrate multiple transport modes at a single location
- Combines rail, BRT, and local bus services with pedestrian and cycling infrastructure
- Increases foot traffic and land value through intermodal access
- Encourages compact development with seamless transfers
- Often anchors regional transit-oriented urban regeneration plans
