1. Conduct Hydrogeological Surveys
The first step in addressing water table concerns is to perform a hydrogeological assessment of the land. This involves:
- Studying the depth, quality, and seasonal variation of the groundwater table
- Identifying aquifer characteristics, recharge zones, and flow direction
- Using borewell data, piezometers, and soil core analysis to evaluate groundwater availability and vulnerability
These surveys provide a scientific basis for responsible water use planning.
2. Obtain Groundwater Clearance
Before initiating groundwater extraction, it is necessary to seek approval from the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) or the respective State Ground Water Department. This includes:
- Filing an application with details of land use, water needs, and proposed extraction volume
- Submitting hydrological data and impact studies, especially in notified or over-exploited areas
- Committing to water conservation and recharge measures
Without clearance, unauthorized extraction may lead to legal penalties and operational shutdowns.
3. Install Monitoring and Control Systems
To manage the water table sustainably, projects should implement:
- Groundwater monitoring wells (piezometers) to track fluctuations in water levels
- Flow meters on borewells to measure and record daily extraction
- Water budgeting tools to match usage with annual recharge potential
These systems help in early detection of overdrawal and aquifer stress.
4. Implement Rainwater Harvesting Systems
Rainwater harvesting is a key strategy to recharge the local aquifer and reduce dependency on groundwater. Effective systems include:
- Percolation pits, recharge shafts, and soak wells
- Roof-top harvesting systems connected to storage tanks or injection wells
- Stormwater channeling into planned recharge zones
Harvesting systems should be integrated into the site’s master plan and drainage layout.
5. Use Treated Water and Recycle Effluents
To minimize extraction from the water table, industries and developers are encouraged to:
- Install Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) and Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs)
- Reuse treated water for landscaping, construction, cooling, and sanitation
- Explore zero liquid discharge (ZLD) options in water-stressed areas
Recycling helps conserve groundwater and ensures regulatory compliance.
6. Avoid Construction That Disrupts Natural Recharge
During land development, special care must be taken to:
- Prevent excessive hardscaping that blocks natural infiltration
- Preserve or create open green spaces and water retention zones
- Avoid construction over identified recharge areas or aquifer recharge paths
Proper land use planning supports long-term water sustainability.
7. Comply with Zoning and Environmental Guidelines
In water-scarce or ecologically sensitive areas, development must adhere to:
- Zoning regulations that restrict groundwater-intensive activities
- Environmental Clearance (EC) conditions related to water use
- Mandates issued by local planning authorities or SPCBs regarding water table protection
Violations may result in project delays, fines, or revocation of approvals.
